What Are Your (Legal- and Business-Related) New Year's Resolutions?

OK, this is just a different (some might say lame) way of asking what your goals are in 2010… but ‘tis the season, eh?

There’s never been more at stake in the legal profession than there is now. There’s a palpable sense of change in the air… especially concerning the new legal model of law firms and the impact it will have on the way law is practiced and billed. But I’m not one to wait around for that to truly happen, so why not start moving forward? Here are just a few of the things attorneys have to tackle in 2010:

True cost containment of legal expenses … If you’re one of the thousands of in-house managers who has taken the reigns of your budget, designed new processes, brought more work in-house, cultivated new outside counsel relationships, and engaged alternative legal services providers… well, here’s hoping that you get more sleep in 2010, because you’ve likely been busier than ever. Those who’ve undertaken the commitment to cost containment should be applauded and hopefully the work they’ve done will make life easier down the road. This process will continue to evolve for these good people, and thousands more will start down this path anew in 2010. The point: This is the new way of life for corporate legal departments.
 

Alternative Fee Arrangements … Many of you have spent the last few months working on new billing structures with outside counsel, and many are still in the process. There are scores of conflicting reports about these arrangements, so it will be interesting to see how it plays out. My guess is that we’ll hear plenty about the arrangements that work – after all, law firms have wonderful PR people – and we won’t hear much about the efforts that fail. But here’s the key: AFAs must be mutually beneficial, or they simply won’t work long-term. A certain amount of risk-sharing must take place and there must be value. I think AFAs have the ability to change the age-old approach utilized within law firms – and who handles what -- but a lot of the AFAs in use might really just be window dressing.

The Document/ESI Retention Policy… Interest in the design of document retention policies (or ESI Management Policies, as Barry likes to say) exploded in 2009. There’s just so much data now that companies are overwhelmed, and everyone is leery of 1) the smoking gun e-mail that’s been sitting in someone’s inbox for six years and 2) getting exposed for not implementing a solid policy. There is an obvious marriage between these two fears that in-house lawyers must officiate, and there’s no sign this responsibility will ebb in 2010. The key is in the implementation, and as our wise scribe Barry likes to say: “If you’re not enforcing your ESI policy, you have no ESI policy.”

Consistency, Process Across the EDRM… Everyone is dealing with e-discovery at some level, and many companies already have created some sort of approach to the actual review of documents when litigation hits. At the same time, most have spent their time and resources trying to figure out the document retention policy first before fully diving into project management, software and the attorney review. But this is where real dollars are saved and the spotlight will continue to shine on the processing, review and production of documents and creating a cohesive model encompassing all phases of the discovery process.

Convenience Versus Cost … Ah, the age-old question! Traditionally, when an in-house department has overflow work, it’s sent to outside counsel. Litigation, due diligence, employment work and other heavy lifting might also be completely turned over to the law firm simply because a department doesn’t have the resources. This approach is being evaluated, to say the least. But it doesn’t end there; many in-house departments now seek unit pricing that blends services (software + attorneys) for e-discovery matters because it makes budgeting easier and there is (or should be) some risk-sharing with the partner. The key for those who must closely monitor their legal spend is to understand that some providers don’t exactly assume any risk in this scenario because of the excessive padding they’ve built into their per-unit price. A general rule of thumb: if you can’t buy a super-value meal for the price you’re paying per-document, you’re paying too much.

Of course there are myriad other issues that in-house managers must create goals around in 2010, and we look forward to discussing many of those in the coming months. In the meantime, I hope you have a wonderful and prosperous 2010.

Pricing In The Alternative

The “alternative” in an Alternative Fee Arrangement (AFA) can be defined as “affording a choice between two or more things…mutually exclusive so that if one is chosen the other must be rejected.”

In the arena of legal fees, the alternative is compared to the standard billable hour. One potential alternative is a fixed fee. For other AFAs, see this interesting article where Pat Lamb argues that the “real point” should be to “shift risk from the client to the firm,” among other things.

The questions to ask are: what is the goal? What is the incentive and who should have it? Who takes the risk? Who should benefit from taking that risk?

Blended rates and known budgets provide predictability. Is that the real issue for clients? Is the debate between low cost and predictability versus unknown budgetary costs, or does it involve the ability of the legal provider to use reproducible cost-effective services over time for the benefit of the client?

I would argue that these types of arrangements will have a short lifespan. After a certain period of time, all a fixed fee arrangement offers is what the cost is going to be, not how the work can be done more efficiently, for less money, more intuitively, or in a manner in which you can best meet your goals. It also encourages a law firm to use minimal staff or attorneys billing at the lowest hourly rate, which may or may not be in the best interest of a client. The lack of value will be exposed at some point.

The bottom line is to define the goals you are trying to achieve. Is it predictability? Cost savings? Particular expertise? Time reduction? Maximum manpower? All of the above?

This is the point I was attempting to make last week: it’s imperative to think how these arrangements can work for both parties, because if it’s tilted one way or the other, it’s not a great system. Someone loses. And there’s just not a great understanding in the marketplace of how these “alternatives” truly function or if value is really received.

So I like to look at what I know. I know my company’s costs of doing business. I have a pretty good idea how long it takes for attorneys to review a gigabyte of data on most software tools. I know a lot of different ways we can reduce the amount of data to review. I know how we create efficiencies throughout the discovery process. Knowing all of this, I feel very confident we can provide several different pricing options for our clients, whether it’s per document or per gigabyte (the ‘fixed fee’ options, more or less), by the hour, or some other structure. (Although I’m talking about discovery here, the same basic principles apply to different types of work that might see alternative fees, like contracts, employment matters, IP issues, etc.)

If I didn’t really know all of what we know about our business, well … I would be basing everything on a lot of subjective data. That’s simply not necessary in today's marketplace. But because we do have the objective data and we understand our capabilities and costs, the client gets a great work product at a low cost, achieves measurable efficiencies, and ultimately the predictability and consistency that are sought. That’s a win-win arrangement, which is a great goal to shoot for from the beginning.
 

The Numbers Don't Lie

We recently conducted a survey of senior-level in-house women attorneys in Atlanta, with the goal of identifying a few best practices and sharing the information with the group at a luncheon (which was held yesterday). At a minimum, we opined, it would be reassuring for these women to know that their peers are dealing with some of the same issues, and this would be a more formal way to present the proof.

We got a lot more than the minimum. Over three days, 57 women responded, ranging from leaders within Fortune 500 companies to one-attorney departments. The responses provided some very useful information, especially regarding how in-house departments are working with their outside service providers. In fact, 29 of the respondents shared the steps they are taking to manage legal expenses, negotiate flat fee arrangements and take more work in-house. A handful of the survey questions and results are included after the jump.

One nugget that isn’t so uplifting, which we have discussed on this blog in various posts, is that in-house lawyers are still very worried about job security. Thirty-four percent of respondents listed it as one of “three things that keep me up at night,” with the correlated “economy/effect on company’s business” not too far behind (31.3%). Although we have seen that some companies and departments are starting to come out of the thaw, the majority of the in-house lawyers polled simply do not feel secure yet, even as many of them (48.6%) are taking on more work and responsibility.

These lawyers are and will continue to be under tremendous amounts of pressure and the results-driven environment in which they reside is going to have an effect on the way business is done in the legal profession moving forward, there’s little doubt.

A few of the interesting survey responses (more after the jump):

Which of the following best describes your legal department budget for 2010 (choose one):
    28.6%  Less than 2009
    37.5%  Equal to 2009
    10.7%  Greater than 2009
    23.2%  Not sure

Do you expect to use any new strategies in 2010 to manage your budget?
    54.5% Yes ... of those responding 'Yes' :
       ->46.1%  Alternative/Flat rate / Discounted fee arrangements
       ->34.6%  Do more in-house / Cut outside counsel spend 
       ->11.5%  More contract/outsource help
       ->  7.7%  Consolidation of law firms / Use smaller law firms

Share at least one recent success story on how you obtained efficient and affordable outside legal support, specifically your experience with alternative fee arrangements with outside counsel, if any.
    24.1%  Flat fee arrangement
    17.2%  “Not To Exceed” amount / Caps for each project
    13.8%  Negotiated discounted rate
    10.3%  Use Counsel On Call / Contract attorneys
      6.9%  Issued RFPs
      6.9%  Reviewed invoices closely / Identified areas for cost savings
      6.9%  Used smaller firms / Smaller offices of large firms with lower rates

What has been your biggest professional challenge in 2009 so far?
    48.6%  Doing more with less / Bigger workload
    27.0%  Morale / Team management issues
    18.9%  Work-life balance / Career
    13.5%  Managing business expectations 
      5.4%  Litigation

What three things keep you up at night?
    34.3%  Job security / Salary
    31.3%  Economy / Effect on company’s business
    25.0%  Litigation-related
 

Cost Cutting and Shifting Paradigms

We all know the economy is in the doldrums, but I thought it would be helpful to drill down a little bit to focus more on the legal sector and how it really impacts all of us -- and show why our company is positioned at the fulcrum of the coming change.

Here in Atlanta, we began to see a change beginning in May 2008. It began slowly with a change in complexion of some large projects, mainly with some of our law firm clients who were seeing less transactional work; some of the work our attorneys would normally handle was being handled by their associates. That was soon followed by an increased interest from several large, corporate clients to discuss ways COC could help them to bring their legal costs down. This reached a fever pitch in the late fall as the pressures of budgeting season came to bear. So, much has been made in the last six months – specifically over law firms merging, collapsing, or falling on hard times -- in reality the process truly began filtering down at least a year ago.

We have also seen these budgeting pressures reflected in the number of articles appearing in legal publications that discuss money saving alternatives. One of the most popular is coverage of the use of LPOs (legal process outsourcing) in India. There are pros and cons, and the coverage has been pretty balanced. There have also been articles discussing the wave of smaller firms that are holding rates at 2008 levels or, in some instances, cutting them. And finally, there is no shortage of articles that talk specifically about what law firms are doing to address the current economic climate both internally and for their clients.

It is safe to say that the emphasis on cost containment/reduction will continue for some time, and I think we have reached the tipping point our industry has been waiting for. It's hard to see it now, but this is going to be very good for our profession; I have been incredibly impressed with how many of our law firm clients are truly trying to make changes to meet the needs of their clients, especially concerning costs. As law firms jump on board -- and more opportunities emerge to work collaboratively -- the work product will be better and the client will be happier.

Unfortunately, many of these changes will come too late. The pressures being placed on legal departments by CEOs, CFOs and shareholders -- and sadly in some cases the bankruptcy court -- will be too much, too fast, to accept a change in direction. But ultimately, a multitude of changes will occur in the next several years over how legal services are delivered. We all must accept that these changes are coming and do everything we can to make sure the changes that are implemented by our clients are well-considered and strategic.
 

Taking More Work In-House

Given the state of the economy, it has been no surprise to find a host of recent articles concerning cost-cutting among corporate legal departments. Everything is on the table, including reductions in fees charged by outside counsel.

An Oct. 22 article (subscription) in Atlanta’s Fulton County Daily Report captured the ongoing discussion through quotes from several prominent GCs and legal department heads regarding various ways they are reducing costs. Almost every one of them mentioned “in-sourcing.” Robin H. Sangston, vice president and associate GC of Cox Communications Inc., offered a comment that many of the GCs echoed:

We have used a variety of approaches to controlling legal fees, including: bidding out 'commodity-type' work, moving work from higher-priced large firms to lower-priced smaller or boutique firms with lower overhead, using contract lawyers, implementing e-billing with our billing guidelines ... Given the state of the economy and the impact on almost all businesses, I would also expect that many companies will not entertain rate increases for next year.

The sum of it is that more and more work that would normally be the purview of outside counsel is being done in-house and costs are being reviewed closely; and the use of contract attorneys certainly fits well within this evolution. There are more flexible billing options and work arrangements and with the sheer number of talented attorneys leaving the traditional practice, the quality of the work performed is excellent.

What other measures are you taking today that you weren’t a year ago? Are these changes temporary or permanent in your department?
 

The Client's Best Interest

Recently I participated in a conference call with a prospective client about a voluminous e-discovery assignment. The call involved all of the players: several of us from Counsel On Call, the corporate legal department and its outside counsel (a prominent East Coast firm). These collaborative meetings are occurring more frequently now, which is refreshing. 

This trend roots from the determination that most law firms were not created to handle today’s e-discovery, but are better positioned to oversee and manage the discovery phase of litigation at a macro level. The client wants to save money on the review, let the law firm manage the process, and have an efficient communications process -- so a team approach involving corporate counsel, law firm lawyers and companies that provide litigation support services is practically a requirement today. It is this collaboration -- and open communication from the assignment's onset -- that ensures an excellent work product, as all of the players are working at their best use from Day 1. The process is more efficient, quality control is central and it ultimately better serves the client's interest and goals. It’s a business-partner approach.

Buyng into this approach is a big step for a law firm to take, but a very necessary one because legal departments need real business solutions and cost containment. The days when a firm can justify the cost of 50 associates (at $250+ per hour) conducting a large e-discovery review are over. What was somewhat surprising about the conference call, however, was that the law firm was Counsel On Call’s biggest advocate, as opposed to viewing us as the competition. But it seems that many law firms realize -- some organically, some by necessity -- that developing quality partnerships can be an asset to their practice (and put them in a better position with their clients). The ABA also seems to recognize (and bless) this outsourcing trend, as its Standing Committee on Ethics and Professional Responsibility recently came out with Formal Opinion 08-451 outlining lawyers’ obligations when outsourcing legal support services.

Much like what this law firm coordinated (and what legal departments are insisting upon these days), it's always good to get everyone at the table together, bring all the challenges/issues out, and discuss the best possible solutions. We're seeing a lot more of this, and it's because a lot of money can be saved throughout the process by collaboratively hammering everything out on the front end.